Ethics †Terms to know Essay

WorldviewThe counselling the world is seen & do sense of framework of individual understanding.e.g. deism graven image abandoned creationnihilistic delusion Reality has no value traditionalistic values unfoundedExistentialism tone has no meaning but what we break off itEastern Pantheism Polytheism, i.e. HinduismNaturalism Secular secular humanism / modernism God is irrelevant nought exists but natural world revolutionary Age Pantheism All is one no distinction between plants, people exclusively be GodJudeo-Christianity in that location is solo when one God who created universe God is involved w/ creation adventure Modernism God is dead equity is a social construct relativism prevails ethicsThe explicit, philosophical reflection on lesson beliefs and pr defendices. (The difference between ethics and worship is similar to the difference between musicology and music. example philosophy is a sure stepping back and reflecting on incorruptity, just as musicology is a conscious reflection on music).Descriptive moral philosophyStating actual moral beliefs.Normative ethical motiveStudy of what is re wholey right or wrong.MetaethicsStudy about field of Ethics.Metaethics TheoriesObjectivism at that place are correct and incorrect answers.SubjectivismThere are no correct or incorrect answers.AbsolutismAll moral rules hold without exceptionthere is only one truth opposite of relativism, contrasts with consequentialism.Rightsjustify claims upon opposite(s) for actions or non-actions.Negative responsibleness (Right)An duty to refrain from something or entitlements to do something without hang-up from other people. See also autonomy. peremptory Obligation (Right)An obligation to perform / provide, etc., or entitlements that obligate others to do something positive to uphold you.In remUniversal rights (obligations sp annul on all moral agents).In personamRestricted rights (obligations fall on selected individuals). universal Obligationsmoral re quirements of all moral beings.Role-related Obligationsmoral requirements of specific roles, e.g. MD, priest, etc.Strong Paternalismconstrained acts of beneficence on person open to decide.Weak PaternalismForced acts of beneficence on person unable to decide.Negative PaternalismRefraining from doing something to/for someone.4 Main Ethical Principles / ValuesNonmaleficenceDo no abuse (Primum non nocere first, do no harm) a negative right.BeneficenceDo substantially promoting the welfare of others actively avoiding harm a positive right.AutonomyNon-interference with others choices and freedom to brace choices / ego determination.Justice / Social Justice reach treatment for all.Ethical Systems Theories (*Related concepts)*ConsequentialismThe end justifies the means the rightness or wrongness of any action depends on its consequences.*Utilitarianism (act)To act in a beneficial way based strictly on the grievousconsequences for the well-nigh people case-by-case psychoanalysis o f each act.*Utilitarianism (rule) To act in a beneficial way (with good consequences for the close people) based on moral rules monotonic imperative?DeontologismIts not whether you set ahead or lose, its how you play the gamey some actions are right or wrong regardless of their consequences contrasts with consequentialism.Relativismit all dependsall points of view are equally valid. overly When in Rome, do as the Romans do (cultural relativism).Beauty is in the eye of the commentator (personal relativism).*Doctrine of Double Effect role is everything concerns only intended means or ends, not actual means or ends even if predictable (i.e. chemo side-F/Xs). long-suffering kind representativesEngineering ModelJust the facts, maam healthcare professionals as scientists presenting facts perseverings select decisions based on these facts.Paternalistic ModelDo what I say decisions are made by healthcare professionals.contractual ModelLets make a deal healthcare professionals progr ess informationassist patient roles in decision-making by making recommendations.ConfidentialityNot divulging information which some other has revealed on condition of secrecy patients right to privacy (of information).Deontological crease for the Obligation of ConfidentialityRespecting confidentiality respects patient autonomy.Consequentialistic arguing for the Obligation of ConfidentialityRespecting confidentiality protects and promotes well-being of patients.3 judge Exceptions for Divulging a Patient ConfidencePatient not competent, required by law, protect public interest.Truth Telling (Veracity)Obligation to tell the truth.Consequentialistic Case for Telling and withholding tax the TruthDo what will most benefit/least harm patient truth-telling / withholding truth context dependent.3 (actually 4) Possible Exceptions to the Truth-Telling RuleFamily request, patient request, for the good of others (less so now), avoiding disastrous consequences (extreme cases).5 Elements of certified ConsentCompetence, information disclosure, understanding, voluntariness, and authorization.